Protanopia or Red-Green Color Blindness

Protanopia is a one of three type of color vision dichromacy. People affected with protanopia are unable to distinguish certain colors from one another. people are completely unable to distinguish colors not actually to much, While you usually heard about the color blind. People with protanopia will hard to distinguishing between red and greens, these colors look sort of grey rather than the color red or green.

Protanopia caused by an unequal recombination in the gen passed on from the parents to their children. Patients with protanopia, either have faulty long-wavelength cones (L-cones). The latter of protanopia is called red-dichromacy.

In other source, they are wrote definition about protanopia :
Protanopia: The limited ability to see all primary colors to seeing blue and yellow.

Protanopia: lowered sensitivity dichromacy characterized to long wavelengths of light resulting in limited capability to distinguish red and purplish blue.

Different types of Red-green color blindness splitted by two: Whereas those affected by protan color blindness have limited ability to sensitive red light, deuteranopia or deuteranomaly (other type of red-green color blindness) have related to sensitive on green light.

Gender     Protanopia     Protanomaly
Male        1.01%            1.08%
Female     0.02%            0.03%

Ratios by Gender

3 Types of Blindness

Blindness is the inability to see anything generally refers to a complete lack of functional vision, even
light. However, blindness involves varying levels ability, If you are partially blind, you gonna have a limited vision. Completely blindness means that you cannot see anything and you are like in total darkness. What a person with healthy eyes can see from 200 feet away, people with legally blind person can see only from 20 feet away this means is it a Legal blindness, depending on the cause of your vision impairment, you may suffer from blurry vision or the inability to distinguish the shapes of objects.

Complete blindness

Complete blindness is characterised by a complete and total loss of vision. Many totally different diseases can cause complete blindness; some develop later in life and a few area unit gift at birth. The leading reason for blindness around the world is polygenic disorder. Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy, which attack in destruction of the retina. other causes of complete cecity embody age-related macular degeneration, that the National Eye Institute calls the foremost common reason for blindness in adults World Health Organization area unit sixty or older; cataracts, that obstructs light-weight from hitting the membrane as a result of opaque patches on a lens; and glaucoma, that causes blindness due to injury to the optic nerve.

Color blindness

People who have color blindness, also called dyschromatopsia, is limited ability to differentiate certain colours. this type of blindness more commonly affects men than ladies. Research in US, the most common type of color blindness is red-green color blindness, that makes it tough to distinguish bound shades of red and green. color blindness is sort of always gift at birth, and is usually caused by the presence of a defective gene on the x chromosome. Defective retinal cells end in some kinds of color blindness; alternative forms are caused by defects in the optic nerve.

Night blindness

Night blindness is vision impairment that happens at night or once light is dim. It doesn't generally result in a complete lack of vision however significantly impaired vision. people with night blindness usually have problem driving in the dark or seeing stars. many different factors cause night blindness, in step with the University of Maryland medical center. These factors embody cataracts, birth defects, a vitamin A deficiency, and a retinal eye disease is called retinitis pigmentosa.

The Types of Colour Blindness

There are several types of inherited colour blindness. A big misconception in many people think anyone labeled as "colorblind" only sees the world in black and white - like watching on television a black and white movie. This is a misconception and not true at all. There are many different types of color blindness or be more correctly called colour vision deficiencies. Extremely rare to be totally color blind (monochromacy - complete cannot distiguish of any color sensation).

Monochromacy (achromatopsia)

Patients with symptoms of monochromatic vision cant see no colour at all and their world consists of different shades from black to white, like only seeing movie at black and white television. Achromatopsia is extremely rare happens, occurring only in approximately 1 person in 33,000 and the symptoms from it can make your life very difficult. Someone with achromatopsia will need a rehabilitation to wear dark glasses inside in normal light conditions.

Monochromacy (achromatopsia)

Dichromacy

People with dichromatic colour vision have only able to see two types of colour. they have a total absence of function of one colour type. Lack of ability to see many different colour is the easiest way to explain and find this condition but in actual fact happened on people is it a specific section from the light spectrum which cannot be perceived sensation.

Dichromacy

Anomalous Trichromacy

Anomalous Trichromacy

People with anomalous trichromats or also known as ‘faulty’ trichromatic vision will be colour blind to some extent. The only way to explain this problem is, if we example one people have '4 ability' to see colour, people with trichromatic condition all of their three "ability" types are used to perceive light colours but one type of "ability" will perceives light slightly out of alignment, so that there are many different types of effect produced depending which "ability" type is ‘faulty’

What is A Color Blindness

Color-blindness is that the inability to differentiate the differences between certain many colors. This condition results from an absence of color-sensitive pigment in the cone cells of the retina, the nerve layer at the rear of the eye.

Most color vision issues are inherited and are present at birth. approximately 1 out of 11 males and 1 out of 200 ladies in the world are color blind. There are different causes of people getting color blindness. For the majority of people with deficient color vision the condition is genetic and has been inherited from their mother, although some people can become color blind as a results of other diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS) or they acquire the condition over time due to the medication, aging process, etc.

on the left is a color picture that is seen by people with normal vision, while on the right is what will be seen by people with color blindness disease.

What does a people with color-blind see?

A person with color-blindness has trouble seeing red, green, blue, or mixtures of those colors. the most common type is red-green color-blindness, wherever red and green are seen as the same color.

The most people with color blind are able to see things as clearly, but they unable to fully see the different colour of green, red or blue light. There are many different types of color blindness and there are have one extremely rare cases where people with this disease are unable to see any colour at all.

The common form of colour blindness is known as red/green colour blindness and most patients with colour blindness suffer from this. For example, a red/green colour they are will confuse a blue and a purple because colour-blind people can’t ‘see’ the red element of the colour purple.

Simple Test For Color Blindness

Here are the correct answers:

Plate 1

People with normal color vision will see the number 74.

Plate 2

People with normal color vision will see the number 6.

Plate 3

People with normal color vision will see the number 29.
People with red-green deficiencies will see the number as 70.

and for people with total color-blindness can not see any number.

Plate 4
People with normal color vision should not be able to read any number.
Most of people with red-green deficiencies will see the number 5.
and for people with total color -blindness can not see any number.

Serious Complications of Blepharitis

Complications of Redness because Blepharitis usually are rare, the common problem really happened is patients with blepharitis being unable to wear contact lenses, It might be necessary patients with Blepharitis Symptoms to use glasses until your symptoms and causes are under control.

Dry Eye Syndrome of Redness

Dry eye syndrome could be a common complication of blepharitis. It happens because your eyes not make enough tears, or evaporate too quickly. this can cause the eyes drying out and becoming inflamed (swollen and red). It causes your eyes to feel dry gritty and sore and can make it watery.

 

Serious Complications of Blepharitis

Do your eyes typically feel dry, have a stinging sensation, or feel scratchy? you'll have dry eye syndrome (kerato conjunctivitis sicca), a condition that may occur once the tears gland do not manufacture the right amount or quality of tears. Dry eye syndrome may be a chronic lack of wet within the eye. If left untreated, dry eye syndrome might result in eye infections or become blindness

Tears square measure essential for maintaining healthy eyes. Tears square measure product of compounds that keep the eyes damp and clean. If too few tears square measure created or their chemical composition is altered, if you annoying the symptoms of dry eye, the syndrome might develop.

Conjuntivitis

Conjunctivitis occurs because bacteria in the eye lids infect the eyes. The condition is not usually make a serious problem and not effect your vision ability.

 

Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an inflammation of the mucosa membrane (conjunctiva). The mucous membrane could be an mucous secretion membrane that lines the within of the attention lid and covers the white a part of the eye. Pink eye could be a term unremarkably accustomed visit every type of inflammation.

Meibomian Cyst

A meibomian cyst make swelling on the inside of your eye lids (Patients). A cyst will lively develop if one of your Meibomian glands (glands that manufacture a fatty liquid that protects your eyes) becomes inflamed as a results of blepharitis.

Blepharitis Causes and Symptoms

Causes of Blepharitis

Bacteria are on the surface of everyone's skin but, in sure people, they thrive in the skin at the base of the eyelashes. The resulting irritation, typically associated with activity of the nearby oil glands, causes dandruff-like scales and particles to make on the lashes and eyelid margins.

Blepharitis Causes and Symptoms

Blepharitis typically happens in folks with oily skin, as oil secretions will enter the attention and cause an imbalance within the tear film. once tear film is unbalanced, parts of the attention could dry a lot of quickly than traditional. The dry spots that develop will irritate the membrane and cause sharp pain within the eye.

Many cases of inflammation ar the results of poor protective fold hygiene. alternative common causes of inflammation embody the following:

•     Excess oil secretions
•     Rosacea
•     Dust, smoke, or alternative allergens
•     Bacteria, like staphylococci

If you've got inflammation, adopting a protective fold hygiene routine can facilitate management your symptoms. attempt to stay your eyelids clean and crust-free. If your inflammation symptoms ar severe, your medical specialist may have to visit antibiotics or steroid eyedrops.

Blepharitis Symptoms

Blepharitis normally causes red, crusty eyelids. If you have got rubor, your symptoms ar in all probability most noticeable upon rousing within the morning.

The most common signs of redness embrace watery, itchy, and irritated/red eyes. If you have got redness, your symptoms square measure in all probability most noticeable upon waking up within the morning. Since blinking your eyes helps to clean away a number of the irritating secretions that cause your symptoms, keeping your eyes closed throughout sleep will build them additional noticeable.

Some causes of blepharitis are irritation, bites of insects or infections.

• Allergies and sensitivities that Appear in the eyes.
• Environmental pollution or spore allergies.
• See nonsteroidal That Harm the Eyes for a listing of Potentially harmful drugs

 Other symptoms of redness include:

• Fretful eyelids
• Flaking skin round the eyes
• Covered eyelashes
• Lightweight sensitivity
• Abnormal growth of eyelashes
• Loss of eyelashes

Many of the symptoms of redness (Blepharitis) mimic those of dry eye syndrome. as a result of the 2 conditions will occur at an equivalent time, it's necessary to receive a radical diagnosing from your health care supplier.

3 Types of Blepharitis

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids. it always affects the perimeters (side) of the eyelids. it's not allwasy have serious effect, but may become an uncomfortable problem. blepharitis is typically chronic (persistent). Both eyes are typically affected.

There are 3 main types of blepharitis: Staphylococcal Blepharitis (StB), Meibomian Blepharitis (MB) and Seborrhoeic Blepharitis(SbB). All of the types can cause similar symptoms.

Staphylococcal Blepharitis

This type of blepharitis is assumed to be caused by a bacterium (microbe) called staphylococcus. This microorganism commonly lives in low numbers on the skin while not doing any demage. However, in some people, it looks that this bacterium causes a localised infection of the eye lids, resulting in blepharitis. exactly why this happens in some people is unclear.

Meibomian Blepharitis

Meibomian Blepharitis

This is also referred to as Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. The tiny meibomian glands in the eye lids lie just behind the eyelashes. If you have got about 25-30 meibomian glands on each upper and lower eyelids, they make a little bit of oily fluid which comes out on the inside of the eyelids next to the eye.

This oily fluid forms the outer layer of the tear film that lubricates the front of the eye. Patient with Meibomian Blepharitis are thought to have a small problem with their meibomian glands and the fluid they generate. This may cause eyelid inflammation (This also explains why patient with Meibomian Blepharitis usually have dry eyes as the fluid they make may not be qualify to lubricate the eye).

Seborrhoeic Blepharitis

Seborrhoeic Blepharitis is closely associated with a skin condition known as Deborrhoeic Dermatitis. In Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, make effect skin becomes a lot of oily and can become scaly. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis usually causes bad dandruff and a rash, commonly happen on the face and upper body.

The underlying explanation for seborrhoeic dermatitis is not have a clear definition. A type of yeast called "Malassezia Furfur" is involved. However, it's not simply as a simple skin infection and it's not contagious (you cannot catch this condition from others). This yeast lives in the sebum (oil) of human skin in most adults and usually will no harm.

But, in some people the yeast looks to trigger an inflammatory reaction, causing the blepharitis.

How to Treat Glaucoma

Treatment will involve glaucoma medicines, glaucoma surgery, lasers or medication, depending on the severity. By using eye drops with medication aimed at lowering IOP sometimes are tried initial to manage glaucoma.

Glaucoma Treatment

Because glaucoma usually is painless, people might become careless about strict use of eye drops that may control eye pressure and help prevent permanent eye injury.

In fact, non-compliance with a program of glaucoma medication may be a major reason for blindness caused by glaucoma.

If you find that the eye drops are mistreatment for glaucoma are uncomfortable or inconvenient, ne'er discontinue them while not initial consulting your eye doctor about a possible different therapy.

Glaucoma Medications

The most common treatments for glaucoma are eye drops and, rarely, pills. There are variety of various classes of eye drops, however all are used to either decrease the number of fluid (aqueous humor) within the eye or improve its outward flow. typically doctors can order a combination of eye drops.

People using these medications should remember of their purpose and potential facet effects, that ought to be explained by a medical skilled. Some side effects can be serious. If you're involved, decision your doctor in real time. A doctor will decide that medications are best fitted to a patient supported the individual case of glaucoma, medical record, and current medication regimen.

Medicines

Medicines, within the form of eyedrops or pills, area unit the most common early treatment for eye disease. Taken often, these eyedrops lower eye pressure. Some medicines cause the eye to create less fluid. Others lower pressure by serving to fluid drain from the eye.

Laser trabeculoplasty.

Laser trabeculoplasty helps fluid drain out of the eye. Your doctor could counsel this step at any time. In several cases, you may need to keep taking glaucoma medicines when this procedure.

Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)

Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is often accustomed treat acute glaucoma, within which the angle between the iris and therefore the tissue layer is simply too tiny and blocks fluid effuse of the eye. In LPI, a laser creates a small hole within the iris to allow fluid drainage.

Conventional surgery.

Conventional surgery makes a replacement gap for the fluid to depart the eye. (See diagram on following page.) Your doctor could suggest this treatment at any time. standard surgery typically is done when medicines and laser surgery have did not control pressure.